Brazilian Mercantile and Futures Exchange

Flett Exchange was a New Jersey-based electronic exchange for environmental commodity credits, established around 2004. Flett specialised in US environmental market instruments including NOx (nitrogen oxide) allowances under the EPA SIP Call, SO2 (sulphur dioxide) allowances under the Acid Rain Program, Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) carbon allowances, and Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs). The exchange served power generators, utilities, and compliance buyers navigating the complex US state and federal cap-and-trade regulatory frameworks for air emissions.

The New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) is the world's largest physical commodity futures exchange, tracing its origins to 1872 as the Butter and Cheese Exchange of New York. Now a division of CME Group, NYMEX provides global benchmark pricing for energy and metals markets including WTI crude oil, natural gas, heating oil, gasoline, gold, silver, copper, platinum, and palladium. NYMEX contracts are widely referenced for international energy and metals price discovery.

Houston Street Exchange was an early electronic over-the-counter (OTC) energy trading platform based in Houston, Texas, offering spot and forward contracts for crude oil and refined petroleum distillates. Launched in the late 1990s during the initial wave of online energy trading, the platform ceased operations in the early 2000s following the collapse of energy trading markets in the wake of the Enron scandal.

The Chicago Climate Exchange (CCX) was North America's first and only voluntary, legally binding greenhouse gas emission reduction and trading system. Founded in 2003 by economist Richard Sandor, CCX allowed member companies to make binding commitments to reduce carbon emissions and trade Carbon Financial Instruments (CFIs). Acquired by ICE (Intercontinental Exchange) in 2010, CCX ceased operations the same year after voluntary carbon credit prices collapsed following the failure of US cap-and-trade legislation.